Did you really know how was your handphone came from?

Nowadays, every people also have a handphone in pocket, and some more some people can't live without a handphone. Well, every people by today are enjoying to use his powerful & functional handphone. But, do you really know about history of the handphone that you are using? So, lets do have a simple read for my research of handphones.


First of all, what is a handphone (also called as cellphone) really is?

Handphone is a long-range, electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. In addition to the standard voice function of a mobile phone, telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio, and GPS.


In 1945, the zero generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced. Like other technologies of the time, it involved a single, powerful base station covering a wide area, and each telephone would effectively monopolize a channel over that whole area while in use.





The first generation of handphones (as called as 1G). So do you know any of this generation of handphones? I guess probably not. Those handphones were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. I believe there are many of us didn't used those phones, plus I haven't born yet at that time. Hahha!!! xD At the beginning analogue systems were offered to support basic voice services to the users like AMPS in north America, NMT in pats of Europe and TACS in Europe, Middle east and Asia. 1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications. The main difference between 1G and 2G is that the radio signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.



The replaced generation handphone for 1G phone. Now come to 2nd generation (2G). This network was based on the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology, it had the capability to carry higher quality of voice calls, basic messaging service (SMS) and very low speed data connectivity. this was accomplished with noticeable reduction on per subscriber cost. later on this technology has evolved to accommodate higher speed of data reaching up to 384 kbit/s with the introduction of EDGE technology by the late 90s of the last century. this development was also achieved by other technologies in other parts of the world (CDMA, DAMPS).



Well, I think most of the people also know what is this phone is. The phone that we use nowadays. It's very common for handphone users. I almost plan to buy this phone last time, but this was too big for me =P
3G handphone was published in the 1990s, it develop a faster and higher quality network to support better services like video calling, video streaming, mobile gaming and fast internet browsing. This has resulted in the introduction of the 3rd generation mobile telecommunication standard (UMTS) using this service internet connection speed can reach up to 14.4 Mbit/s by implementing HSPA improvement. This can offer broad band services for mobile users allowing them be ALWAYS CONNECTED while on the move.

3G is the third generation of telecommunication hardware standards and general technology for mobile networking, superseding 2.5G. It is based on theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the IMT-2000.

3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver data rates up to 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8 Mbit/s on the uplink.

UnlikeIEEE 802.11 networks, which are commonly called Wi-Fi or WLAN networks, 3G networks are wide-area cellular telephone networks that evolved to incorporate high-speed Internet access and video telephony. IEEE 802.11 networks are short range, high-bandwidth networks primarily developed for data.



4G, the limitation of 3G. The next evolution that is expected to be released soon is the 4th generation which is based on LTE(Long Term Evolution) and Wi Max technologies that are promising an internet speed that reaches 233 Mbit/s for mobile users. 4G, an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications. A 4G system will be a complete replacement for current networks and be able to provide a comprehensive and secure IP solution where voice, data, and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at much higher data rates than previous generations.



Technological development of handphones

From my informations, mobile phone is a small, portable communication device that enables people to make phone calls whenever where they are. It receives and gives out signals via the service providers transmitting towers and even via satellite.

The convenience of mobile phone is allowing people to communicate with one another without the limitation of regions and time. Mobile phone is a device providing two-way communication. Signal transmission is the very basic concept for mobile phone. It uses the radio wave theories which are similar to the ordinary radios. The frequencies of mobile phones of course are stronger and higher than ordinary radios to enable clearer conversation among users.

The transmission of the mobile phones allow these radio wave (signals) to interact (to receive and send) from the device to the transmission centers (towers), then to another user (no matter land line or another mobile phone). The signals of mobile phone are split into small cells (This is also why mobile phones are also known as Cell Phones earlier) geographically. These cells allow radio transmission enabling authorised signals to receive and send out among the mobile phones.












Top of cellular telephone tower





How handphones work?







Category of handphones

For my research, handphones divided into 3 categories which is:-

1. Smartphone
2. Cameraphone
3. Musicphone


Nokia 9000 Communicator. The 1st smartphone which incorporated PDA functionality to the basic mobile phone at the time.








Cybershot phones which published by Sony Ericsson are targeted for people who like to snap a photo all the time. With a cameraphone in hand, you can take your favorite pictures in every times, everywhere. Now the pixels were increased up to 8 megapixel.











The Walkman phones, which are also published by Sony Ericsson. This is our so called musicphone. It provide big space of memory for music lovers to store their favorite songs into their phone. And more importantly, it provided very best quality sound effect & voices for the purpose to sell their products.












Impact on the way business transactions are carried out

The 4G Mobile Communication Systems can have even greater impact on people's lives, leading to changes in lifestyles and transforming our living environments, way of business and the social system. 4G mobile systems are likely to widely and deeply penetrate our daily lives, to create a new information and communications environment in our society.

Such like we can buy things through the web, if there's Wi-Fi support for the phone was even more better (because it's free of charge for surfing the net). E-commerce are given us convenient lifestyle, you can buy watever things you like through the net in every time, everywhere. There are even more like paying road-tax, renew passport or IC. Such convenient that you are just able to do clicking on your handphone.

After the explosive growth in the late 1990's, however, mobile communications have turned into the most frequently used means for communications for many users. Furthermore, with the creation of e-mail, content services, i.e., ringing tones and games, and other applications such as web information services for cellular phones, mobile communications have provided a lot of fun and conveniences to people's daily lives, and even caused some changes in the power balance between various information medium. Other than that, there's also a significant enhancement in data transmission rates will allow users to obtain and enjoy video software and advanced game contents, etc., in an instant regardless of their location.



Impact on the culture of the community

In less than twenty years, the mobile phone has gone from being rare, expensive equipment of the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. In many countries, mobile phones outnumber land-line phones; in the U.S., 50 percent of children have mobile phones. In many young adults' households it has supplanted the land-line phone. The mobile phone is banned in some countries, such as North Korea.

Given the high levels of societal mobile phone service penetration, it is a key means for people to communicate with each other. The SMS feature spawned the "texting" sub-culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland.

Many phones offer Instant Messenger services for simple, easy texting. Mobile phones have Internet service, offering text messaging via e-mail in Japan, South Korea, China, and India. In Europe, 30–40% of internet access is via mobile phone. Most mobile internet access is much different from computer access, featuring alerts, weather data, e-mail, search engines, instant messages, and game and music downloading; most mobile internet access is hurried and short.

Benefits and disadvantages

Benefits:-
1. Stay contact with each other
2. Improved communication skills
3. Help people when in emergency cases
4. Save money for buying a camera or a mp3 player (because handphone included camera & music player)


Disadvantages:-
1. Health risks for hanging the handphone on ears too long
2. Increase the percentage of getting brain cancer if you put your handphone near by you when go to bed
3. It'll change your life if you lying on it too much
4. Give people have a chance to cheat on people.



Future directions

For my opinion, there's no limitation of improvement for handphones. The functions for handphones are getting better and better; nicer and nicer. Because of that, I can't see any future directions for handphones. All I wish is that there's one day handphone's price can set in a price that every people on the earth can affort to buy, all I meant was latest and functional handphones. So that we can communicate with each other everywhere, every time!



here are some videos that talks about handphones:-